Which Jobs Are Robots Coming For?

Robots we track are targeting 273 distinct categories of human work. This page ranks every one of them by how many commercially available robots threaten it — 74 machines in total, 65 of them shipping today. The most-targeted job right now is palletizer (6 robots). Rankings are recomputed from our weekly-verified catalog on every site build; last verification pass: September 6, 2026.

Categories in green link to a full breakdown of the robots targeting them.

  1. palletizer 6 robots
    ABB IRB 6710Dexterity MechFanuc CRX-10iAKUKA KR QUANTECMOTOMAN GP12Symbotic SymBot
  2. warehouse picker 6 robots
    Agility DigitAutoStore Cube Storage SystemFigure 02Locus OriginRainbow Robotics RB-Y1Unitree G1
  3. taxi driver 5 robots
    Apollo Go (Apollo RT6)Pony.ai Gen-7 RobotaxiWaymo One robotaxiWeRide Robotaxi GXRZoox robotaxi
  4. automotive assembly worker 4 robots
    Apptronik ApolloAtlas (Electric)Figure 02Tesla Optimus
  5. machine tending operator 4 robots
    Fanuc CRX-10iARainbow Robotics RB-Y1Holiday Robotics FRIDAYNEURA 4NE-1 (Gen 3.5)
  6. airport shuttle driver 3 robots
    Apollo Go (Apollo RT6)Waymo One robotaxiWeRide Robotaxi GXR
  7. material handler 3 robots
    Atlas (Electric)Locus VectorMOTOMAN GP12
  8. agricultural aircraft pilot (crop duster) 2 robots
    Agras T70PXAG P150 Max
  9. assembly line worker (light industrial) 2 robots
    MagicBot Gen1Rainbow Robotics RB-Y1
  10. automotive spot welder (body shop) 2 robots
    ABB IRB 6710KUKA KR QUANTEC
  11. commercial cleaner 2 robots
    AgiBot A2 Ultra (远征 A2)Avidbots Neo
  12. inventory clerk 2 robots
    AutoStore Cube Storage SystemUnitree G1
  13. last-mile delivery driver 2 robots
    Serve Robotics Gen3Zipline Platform 2 (P2)
  14. light assembly worker 2 robots
    Fanuc CRX-10iANEURA 4NE-1 (Gen 3.5)
  15. light manufacturing operator 2 robots
    Figure 02Tesla Optimus
  16. machine tender 2 robots
    MOTOMAN GP12Standard Bots RO1
  17. machine tender / CNC loader-unloader 2 robots
    FANUC M-20iD/25Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  18. order fulfillment associate 2 robots
    Agility DigitAutoStore Cube Storage System
  19. order picker 2 robots
    Geek+ P800R shelf-to-person robotLocus Origin
  20. palletiser 2 robots
    Estun iER20-1760Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  21. quality control inspector 2 robots
    Atlas (Electric)Tesla Optimus
  22. returns processor 2 robots
    Agility DigitLocus Origin
  23. ride-hailing driver 2 robots
    Apollo Go (Apollo RT6)WeRide Robotaxi GXR
  24. rideshare driver 2 robots
    Waymo One robotaxiZoox robotaxi
  25. seasonal farm laborer 2 robots
    Tevel Flying Autonomous Robot (Alpha-bot)XAG P150 Max
  26. adhesive and sealant applicator 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  27. adhesive dispenser 1 robot
    Fanuc CRX-10iA
  28. agricultural equipment operator 1 robot
    GUSS autonomous orchard sprayer
  29. agricultural hand-weeder (organic hoeing crew) 1 robot
    FarmDroid FD20
  30. airport / transit hub floor-care technician 1 robot
    Avidbots Neo
  31. airport baggage handler 1 robot
    Unitree G1
  32. airport transfer driver 1 robot
    Pony.ai Gen-7 Robotaxi
  33. apple / stone-fruit harvest crew 1 robot
    Tevel Flying Autonomous Robot (Alpha-bot)
  34. arc welder 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  35. assembly line worker 1 robot
    MOTOMAN GP12
  36. assembly operator 1 robot
    Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  37. automotive assembly line worker 1 robot
    UBTech Walker S2
  38. automotive body shop assembler 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6700
  39. automotive logistics material handler 1 robot
    Agility Digit
  40. automotive parts assembler 1 robot
    Holiday Robotics FRIDAY
  41. barcode scanning clerk 1 robot
    MagicBot Gen1
  42. barista 1 robot
    Doosan E0509
  43. battery pack end-of-line tester 1 robot
    Moz1
  44. big-box retail cleaner 1 robot
    Avidbots Neo
  45. blocklayer / mason 1 robot
    Hadrian X
  46. body-panel material handler 1 robot
    KUKA KR QUANTEC
  47. bricklayer 1 robot
    Hadrian X
  48. busser 1 robot
    Bear Robotics Servi
  49. campus dining delivery staff 1 robot
    Starship delivery robot
  50. cart pusher / tugger operator 1 robot
    Amazon Proteus
  51. case packer / packaging line operator 1 robot
    MOTOMAN GP12
  52. case picker 1 robot
    Symbotic SymBot
  53. CNC machine operator 1 robot
    Standard Bots RO1
  54. CNC machine tender 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6710
  55. commercial building janitor 1 robot
    Zerith-H1
  56. commercial event performer 1 robot
    MagicBot Z1
  57. commissary kitchen line server 1 robot
    Chef (Chef+)
  58. construction laborer (walling) 1 robot
    Hadrian X
  59. construction layout technician 1 robot
    Dusty FieldPrinter 2
  60. construction site material handler 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics Lynx M20
  61. construction surveyor's assistant 1 robot
    Dusty FieldPrinter 2
  62. contract crop-protection crew member 1 robot
    XAG P150 Max
  63. contract spray crew laborer 1 robot
    Agras T70P
  64. convenience store and pharmacy clerk 1 robot
    Galbot G1
  65. convention usher 1 robot
    Jupiter
  66. conveyor loader 1 robot
    Agility Digit
  67. corporate showroom receptionist 1 robot
    MagicBot Z1
  68. crop scout 1 robot
    John Deere See & Spray
  69. customs and border inspection assistant 1 robot
    UBTech Walker S2
  70. dairy herdsperson (milking duties) 1 robot
    Lely Astronaut A5
  71. dairy parlour milker 1 robot
    Lely Astronaut A5
  72. delivery station sorter 1 robot
    Amazon Proteus
  73. depalletizer 1 robot
    Symbotic SymBot
  74. die-cast extraction operator 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  75. dispensing and gluing operator 1 robot
    Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  76. distribution center night-shift sorter 1 robot
    Symbotic SymBot
  77. domestic and care support worker (stated target, unproven) 1 robot
    NEURA 4NE-1 (Gen 3.5)
  78. eldercare companion (non-physical, presence & conversation) 1 robot
    UBTECH UWORLD U1
  79. electric vehicle battery QA technician 1 robot
    Moz1
  80. electronics assembly and quality inspection worker 1 robot
    AgiBot A2 Ultra (远征 A2)
  81. electronics assembly worker 1 robot
    Holiday Robotics FRIDAY
  82. electronics factory quality inspector 1 robot
    MagicBot Gen1
  83. emotional-support / social-interaction roles 1 robot
    UBTECH UWORLD U1
  84. entry-level production welder 1 robot
    Standard Bots RO1
  85. exhibition and reception staff 1 robot
    AgiBot A2 Ultra (远征 A2)
  86. exhibition hall guide 1 robot
    S2
  87. exhibition hall tour guide 1 robot
    MagicBot Gen1
  88. facilities cleaner 1 robot
    Zerith-H1
  89. factory line operator (light assembly) 1 robot
    Galbot G1
  90. farm equipment operator 1 robot
    Monarch MK-V
  91. farm spray-crew laborer 1 robot
    GUSS autonomous orchard sprayer
  92. fast-food line cook 1 robot
    Doosan E0509
  93. field engineer (manual layout) 1 robot
    Dusty FieldPrinter 2
  94. field sprayer operator 1 robot
    John Deere See & Spray
  95. field sprayer operator (herbicide spray runs) 1 robot
    Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder G2
  96. food delivery courier 1 robot
    Zipline Platform 2 (P2)
  97. food delivery courier (gig platform rider) 1 robot
    Starship delivery robot
  98. food production line worker 1 robot
    Chef (Chef+)
  99. food runner 1 robot
    Bear Robotics Servi
  100. food-prep worker 1 robot
    Doosan E0509
  101. forklift driver (low-load segments) 1 robot
    Locus Vector
  102. foundry / forging operator 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6700
  103. foundry die-cast machine operator 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6710
  104. foundry machine operator 1 robot
    KUKA KR QUANTEC
  105. freight unloader 1 robot
    Symbotic SymBot
  106. fried-chicken fry cook 1 robot
    Doosan E0509
  107. front-desk receptionist 1 robot
    Jupiter
  108. fruit picker (orchard harvest worker) 1 robot
    Tevel Flying Autonomous Robot (Alpha-bot)
  109. fulfillment associate 1 robot
    Locus Origin
  110. fulfillment center outbound dock associate 1 robot
    Amazon Proteus
  111. gig delivery worker (Uber Eats / DoorDash) 1 robot
    Serve Robotics Gen3
  112. grinding and deburring operator 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  113. grocery last-mile delivery driver 1 robot
    Starship delivery robot
  114. heavy parts material handler 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6700
  115. heavy warehouse picker (rough terrain) 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics Lynx M20
  116. high-voltage connector operator 1 robot
    Moz1
  117. HoLEP / laser enucleation subspecialist urologist 1 robot
    PROCEPT HYDROS
  118. home care aide 1 robot
    1X NEO
  119. host / hostess 1 robot
    Bear Robotics Servi
  120. hotel concierge / front-desk staff 1 robot
    S2
  121. hotel greeter 1 robot
    Jupiter
  122. hotel housekeeper 1 robot
    Zerith-H1
  123. hotel lobby greeter 1 robot
    S2
  124. hotel room attendant 1 robot
    Zerith-H1
  125. hotel shuttle driver 1 robot
    Zoox robotaxi
  126. housekeeper 1 robot
    1X NEO
  127. in-vehicle safety operator 1 robot
    Apollo Go (Apollo RT6)
  128. industrial facility inspector (manufacturing plant walk-downs) 1 robot
    Spot
  129. industrial welder 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6700
  130. inspection technician 1 robot
    Fanuc CRX-10iA
  131. intraoperative radiologic technologist (C-arm / fluoroscopy) 1 robot
    ExcelsiusGPS
  132. inventory / cycle counter 1 robot
    Geek+ P800R shelf-to-person robot
  133. kitchen line worker 1 robot
    Doosan E0509
  134. knapsack pesticide sprayer 1 robot
    XAG P150 Max
  135. knapsack sprayer operator 1 robot
    Agras T70P
  136. labour-hire mine equipment operator 1 robot
    Cat MineStar Command for hauling (Cat 793)
  137. laparoscopic surgeon performing high-volume routine procedures 1 robot
    Toumai (Toumai SP)
  138. Las Vegas Strip limousine and chauffeur driver 1 robot
    Zoox robotaxi
  139. last-mile cargo handler (rough terrain) 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics Lynx M20
  140. light assembly line operator 1 robot
    Moz1
  141. light assembly line worker 1 robot
    Unitree G1
  142. light-duty in-home service worker 1 robot
    1X NEO
  143. light-to-medium assembly line worker 1 robot
    FANUC M-20iD/25
  144. logistics and warehouse handler 1 robot
    UBTech Walker S2
  145. logistics handler 1 robot
    NEURA 4NE-1 (Gen 3.5)
  146. logistics tote handler 1 robot
    Apptronik Apollo
  147. long-haul (over-the-road) truck driver 1 robot
    Aurora Horizon (Aurora Driver)
  148. machine feeder and offbearer 1 robot
    MOTOMAN GP12
  149. machine tender / loader-unloader 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  150. manual chalk-line layout crew 1 robot
    Dusty FieldPrinter 2
  151. manual field-weeding crew 1 robot
    Naïo Orio
  152. manual pesticide applicator 1 robot
    Agras T70P
  153. manual seed-drill operator 1 robot
    FarmDroid FD20
  154. manual weeding crew member 1 robot
    John Deere See & Spray
  155. manual weeding crew member (hand-hoeing crew) 1 robot
    Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder G2
  156. manufacturing inspection worker 1 robot
    Moz1
  157. material handler (crowded-cell parts handling and positioning) 1 robot
    FANUC M-20iD/25
  158. meal-assembly portioner 1 robot
    Chef (Chef+)
  159. middle-mile box truck driver (CDL) 1 robot
    Gatik driverless box truck (Freight-Only)
  160. milking machine operator 1 robot
    Lely Astronaut A5
  161. mine-site shift driver 1 robot
    Komatsu FrontRunner AHS
  162. mining haul truck driver 1 robot
    Cat MineStar Command for hauling (Cat 793)
  163. mining site logistics worker 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics Lynx M20
  164. night watchman 1 robot
    Knightscope K5 (5th generation)
  165. night-shift building custodian 1 robot
    Avidbots Neo
  166. night-shift haulage crew supervisor 1 robot
    Cat MineStar Command for hauling (Cat 793)
  167. off-premise food runner 1 robot
    Serve Robotics Gen3
  168. office building reception 1 robot
    S2
  169. offshore oil & gas platform inspection technician 1 robot
    Spot
  170. oil refinery inspector 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics X30
  171. open-pit haul-truck operator 1 robot
    Komatsu FrontRunner AHS
  172. operating room circulating nurse (reduced per-procedure headcount as robot workflows standardize) 1 robot
    Medtronic Hugo RAS
  173. operating room scrub / circulating nurse (standardized robotic-workflow procedures) 1 robot
    Toumai (Toumai SP)
  174. orchard / vineyard spray-rig operator 1 robot
    GUSS autonomous orchard sprayer
  175. order picker (grocery and instant retail) 1 robot
    Galbot G1
  176. order selector 1 robot
    Symbotic SymBot
  177. organic farm weed scout 1 robot
    Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder G2
  178. orthopedic / neurosurgical surgical technologist 1 robot
    ExcelsiusGPS
  179. owner-operator trucker 1 robot
    Aurora Horizon (Aurora Driver)
  180. packaging line operator 1 robot
    Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  181. paid companion / companionship aide 1 robot
    UBTECH UWORLD U1
  182. pallet jack operator 1 robot
    Locus Vector
  183. palletizer / depalletizer 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6700
  184. palletizer / packaging line worker 1 robot
    Standard Bots RO1
  185. parcel handler 1 robot
    Dexterity Mech
  186. parking facility patrol officer 1 robot
    Knightscope K5 (5th generation)
  187. parts handler 1 robot
    Tesla Optimus
  188. parts kitter 1 robot
    Apptronik Apollo
  189. parts sequencing operator 1 robot
    Atlas (Electric)
  190. peak-season temporary picker 1 robot
    Geek+ P800R shelf-to-person robot
  191. personal assistant (residential) 1 robot
    1X NEO
  192. pesticide applicator 1 robot
    XAG P150 Max
  193. pharmacy and medical courier 1 robot
    Zipline Platform 2 (P2)
  194. pick-and-place assembly operator 1 robot
    Standard Bots RO1
  195. pipeline corridor inspector 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics X30
  196. planogram compliance auditor 1 robot
    Simbe Tally (Tally 4.0)
  197. point-to-point transport worker 1 robot
    Locus Vector
  198. power plant security guard 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics X30
  199. precision agriculture technician 1 robot
    John Deere See & Spray
  200. press brake and stamping operator 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  201. press operator 1 robot
    MOTOMAN GP12
  202. press tender (heavy metal fabrication) 1 robot
    KUKA KR QUANTEC
  203. price-audit and tag-change clerk 1 robot
    Simbe Tally (Tally 4.0)
  204. private hire / chauffeur 1 robot
    Pony.ai Gen-7 Robotaxi
  205. private hire chauffeur 1 robot
    Apollo Go (Apollo RT6)
  206. production line inspector 1 robot
    Apptronik Apollo
  207. production line material handler 1 robot
    MagicBot Gen1
  208. production line quality inspector (visual and tactile inspection) 1 robot
    Holiday Robotics FRIDAY
  209. public safety perimeter patrol officer 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics X30
  210. putaway clerk 1 robot
    Locus Origin
  211. putaway worker 1 robot
    AutoStore Cube Storage System
  212. quality inspection operator 1 robot
    UBTech Walker S2
  213. quality inspector 1 robot
    Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  214. regional air freight crew 1 robot
    Reliable Robotics uncrewed cargo aircraft (Cessna 208B retrofit)
  215. regional cargo pilot (Part 135 feeder) 1 robot
    Reliable Robotics uncrewed cargo aircraft (Cessna 208B retrofit)
  216. regional Class 8 freight driver 1 robot
    Aurora Horizon (Aurora Driver)
  217. regional DC-to-store shuttle driver 1 robot
    Gatik driverless box truck (Freight-Only)
  218. relief / seasonal milker 1 robot
    Lely Astronaut A5
  219. replenishment associate 1 robot
    Geek+ P800R shelf-to-person robot
  220. restaurant delivery courier 1 robot
    Serve Robotics Gen3
  221. restaurant server / waiter 1 robot
    Bear Robotics Servi
  222. retail distribution centre worker 1 robot
    UBTech Walker S2
  223. retail distribution driver 1 robot
    Gatik driverless box truck (Freight-Only)
  224. retail floor associate (information desk) 1 robot
    S2
  225. retail inventory clerk 1 robot
    Simbe Tally (Tally 4.0)
  226. retail shelf stocker 1 robot
    Galbot G1
  227. ride-hail driver 1 robot
    Pony.ai Gen-7 Robotaxi
  228. riveting and flow-drilling operator 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6710
  229. row crop hand laborer 1 robot
    Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder G2
  230. row-crop hoeing laborer 1 robot
    Naïo Orio
  231. scenic site tour guide 1 robot
    MagicBot Z1
  232. science museum docent 1 robot
    MagicBot Z1
  233. screwdriving operator 1 robot
    Universal Robots UR12e (formerly UR10e)
  234. seasonal field hand 1 robot
    Agras T70P
  235. seasonal field laborer 1 robot
    FarmDroid FD20
  236. seasonal vegetable sowing worker 1 robot
    Naïo Orio
  237. security / perimeter patrol guard 1 robot
    Spot
  238. security guard (unarmed patrol) 1 robot
    Knightscope K5 (5th generation)
  239. security patrol officer 1 robot
    AgiBot A2 Ultra (远征 A2)
  240. self-piercing rivet (SPR) operator 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  241. sheet metal handler 1 robot
    Figure 02
  242. showroom attendant 1 robot
    Jupiter
  243. shuttle driver 1 robot
    Pony.ai Gen-7 Robotaxi
  244. specialty-crop tractor operator 1 robot
    Naïo Orio
  245. spot welding operator 1 robot
    Estun iER20-1760
  246. stamping press tender 1 robot
    ABB IRB 6710
  247. sterile processing technician (cystoscope reprocessing) 1 robot
    PROCEPT HYDROS
  248. stock room associate 1 robot
    Geek+ P800R shelf-to-person robot
  249. storage zone operator 1 robot
    AutoStore Cube Storage System
  250. substation patrol technician 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics X30
  251. supermarket floor greeter 1 robot
    S2
  252. surface mine equipment operator 1 robot
    Komatsu FrontRunner AHS
  253. surface mine heavy equipment operator 1 robot
    Cat MineStar Command for hauling (Cat 793)
  254. surgical first assistant (laparoscopic and urologic procedures) 1 robot
    Toumai (Toumai SP)
  255. surgical first assistant (specific subtasks the wristed instruments absorb) 1 robot
    Medtronic Hugo RAS
  256. surgical first assistant (spine) 1 robot
    ExcelsiusGPS
  257. surgical technologist (instrument-handling roles where modular arm carts cut prep and turnover labor) 1 robot
    Medtronic Hugo RAS
  258. tote handler 1 robot
    Agility Digit
  259. tractor boom-sprayer operator 1 robot
    XAG P150 Max
  260. tractor operator 1 robot
    Monarch MK-V
  261. tractor sprayer operator 1 robot
    Agras T70P
  262. trailer loader-unloader 1 robot
    Dexterity Mech
  263. transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) surgeon 1 robot
    PROCEPT HYDROS
  264. university library help-desk staff 1 robot
    S2
  265. urology operating room surgical technologist 1 robot
    PROCEPT HYDROS
  266. utility line maintenance assistant 1 robot
    DEEP Robotics Lynx M20
  267. utility substation inspection technician 1 robot
    Spot
  268. vineyard / orchard field hand 1 robot
    Monarch MK-V
  269. warehouse material handler 1 robot
    Amazon Proteus
  270. warehouse operative 1 robot
    Geek+ P800R shelf-to-person robot
  271. warehouse sorter 1 robot
    AgiBot A2 Ultra (远征 A2)
  272. warehouse stocker 1 robot
    Symbotic SymBot
  273. water cart operator (indirect) 1 robot
    Cat MineStar Command for hauling (Cat 793)

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